How does God show grace to Dante in a way that is “tailored” to the pilgrim’s needs?
God shows grace to Dante in a way that is tailored to his needs first of all in that he gives Dante courage to take on his journey. He says on page 15 "whose favor, could send me forth on such a voyage? I am no Aeneas or Paul..." this shows that Dante feels inferior to the task, but God gives him comfort and strength. God also tailors his grace to Dante's need in that he gives him strength through the words of Virgil. Virgil talks him through it and gives him courage which is what Dante needs, and it is coming from a person he respects.
Monday, February 27, 2017
Thursday, February 9, 2017
Nature of Justice
What is the nature of justice within the worldview of the Song of Roland? What clue might this give us about the culture and society that produced this text in late 11th century/ early twelfth century France?
The nature of justice in the Song of Roland is that betrayal is repaid in full and justice is administered only by the figure of the divine. In the Song of Roland Ganelon, Charles' strategist betrays him to start a war with Spain so that he could kill Charles' son in law. Ganelon ultimately succeeds in this as Roland dies, but Charles finds out about the scheme and a trial is held for Ganelon. Charles is advised by the council to let him go because they were persuaded by one of Ganelon's defenders but Charles did not buy it. He is figured as almost divine throughout the story with divine power and wisdom. Ultimately, Charles has the decision and he makes a just decision to put Ganelon to death by ripping him apart. This shows that justice is administered only by Charles who is the figure of the divine and the betrayal that took place was repaid in full
The nature of justice in the Song of Roland is that betrayal is repaid in full and justice is administered only by the figure of the divine. In the Song of Roland Ganelon, Charles' strategist betrays him to start a war with Spain so that he could kill Charles' son in law. Ganelon ultimately succeeds in this as Roland dies, but Charles finds out about the scheme and a trial is held for Ganelon. Charles is advised by the council to let him go because they were persuaded by one of Ganelon's defenders but Charles did not buy it. He is figured as almost divine throughout the story with divine power and wisdom. Ultimately, Charles has the decision and he makes a just decision to put Ganelon to death by ripping him apart. This shows that justice is administered only by Charles who is the figure of the divine and the betrayal that took place was repaid in full
Thursday, February 2, 2017
Chapter 19 Discussion Questions
1. The Industrial Revolution in Europe began in northern Great Britain. What circumstances made this process of economic development begin there? **Try to categorize your answers in terms of economic, social, cultural, and political factors. (p. 617-621)
The circumstances that made the Industrial Revolution start in North Great Britain because there was a large supply of available capital, a national bank, and no internal tolls or tariffs. In addition, the pursuit of wealth considered worthy goal which made people seek after it. Also they had strong trade with the world and navy to protect it, and integrated domestic market because of small size and it was an island. Finally there were many technological advancements that started in Great Britain.
2. What was enclosure, and why was it an important factor in the Industrial Revolution? (p. 619)
Enclosure was essentially commercializing agriculture, and dividing land into separate properties for higher profits. This drove smaller farmers away.
3. Certain industries were particularly suitable for the kinds of technological developments that encouraged industrialization. What were these, and where did they exist in Europe? (621-629)
One industry that was particularly suitable for these kinds of developments was textile. Many textile advancements were made such as the spinning jenny and the flying weave. At this time there was also greater demand for clothing. Another industry was coal and iron. This increased efficiency with advancements like the steam engine and making iron railroads- whch allowed transportation of goods and people.
4. What was the Spinning Jenny? What was the Cotton Gin? What effect did these machines have on industrial development? (621-622)
The spinning jenny was a machine that turned cotton into thread faster than by hands. The cotton Gin separated cotton seeds from the cotton, and improved the speed of cotton production and lowered its cost. These machines supplied the rising demand of textiles, but lowered the need for work force, which beat the competition of independent farmers.
5. Industrial development changed the nature of work and production in significant ways. What were these changes and how did they change the relations between laborers and their employers, or local producers and wider markets? (631-639)
The changes that affected the nature of work and production were that work process became expedited and had less need for a large labor force. This mean that machines could do most of the work, and as a result, more rural areas with less technology suffered because they weren't needed that much anymore. The relationship between laborers and employers was that employers usually owned the machinery needed, and the laborers used it under them. Local producers could no longer compete with wider markets, and the local producers began to fade away.
The circumstances that made the Industrial Revolution start in North Great Britain because there was a large supply of available capital, a national bank, and no internal tolls or tariffs. In addition, the pursuit of wealth considered worthy goal which made people seek after it. Also they had strong trade with the world and navy to protect it, and integrated domestic market because of small size and it was an island. Finally there were many technological advancements that started in Great Britain.
2. What was enclosure, and why was it an important factor in the Industrial Revolution? (p. 619)
Enclosure was essentially commercializing agriculture, and dividing land into separate properties for higher profits. This drove smaller farmers away.
3. Certain industries were particularly suitable for the kinds of technological developments that encouraged industrialization. What were these, and where did they exist in Europe? (621-629)
One industry that was particularly suitable for these kinds of developments was textile. Many textile advancements were made such as the spinning jenny and the flying weave. At this time there was also greater demand for clothing. Another industry was coal and iron. This increased efficiency with advancements like the steam engine and making iron railroads- whch allowed transportation of goods and people.
4. What was the Spinning Jenny? What was the Cotton Gin? What effect did these machines have on industrial development? (621-622)
The spinning jenny was a machine that turned cotton into thread faster than by hands. The cotton Gin separated cotton seeds from the cotton, and improved the speed of cotton production and lowered its cost. These machines supplied the rising demand of textiles, but lowered the need for work force, which beat the competition of independent farmers.
5. Industrial development changed the nature of work and production in significant ways. What were these changes and how did they change the relations between laborers and their employers, or local producers and wider markets? (631-639)
The changes that affected the nature of work and production were that work process became expedited and had less need for a large labor force. This mean that machines could do most of the work, and as a result, more rural areas with less technology suffered because they weren't needed that much anymore. The relationship between laborers and employers was that employers usually owned the machinery needed, and the laborers used it under them. Local producers could no longer compete with wider markets, and the local producers began to fade away.
Monday, January 23, 2017
Song of Roland Summary
The Song of Roland is an epic narrative story about the French King Charlemagne. It is based off the historical character Charlemagne who was crowned 1st Holy Roman Emperor in 800 A.D. In the beginning, we learn that King Charlemagne has been waging war in Spain, and has taken everything except Saragossa which is ruled by King Marsille. We are then introduced to Blancandrin who is the planner for Marsille and he proposes to offer Charlemagne gifts as a peace offering. We then see Charlemagne who has defeated Cordoba and he is portrayed as a good leader and powerful throughout the story. We then meet Roland who is the nephew of Charlemagne, and Ganelon, the planner for Charlemagne- these two are enemies. Ganelon ends up being chosen to go to King Marsille to accept the peace treaty. Ganelon, however, is a traitor and agrees with Blancandrin to kill Roland. He then lies to the emperor about what Charlemagne, which drives him to be angry to Charlemagne. Ganelon agrees with Marsille that he will kill Roland
Thursday, January 12, 2017
Defining Terms
Mercantilism-
Mercantilism is an economic structure that has to do with commerce wealth. The ideal Mercantilist economy had tight control over the trade of that country, and they were supposed to export more than they imported.
Balance of Power-
The balance of power was the belief that there shouldn't be one country with all the power. The balance of power sought to keep all countries from uniting under one crown, and also tried to maintain the equality of power between countries.
Middle Passage-
The Middle Passage was a part of the transatlantic slave trade. It was the part of the cycle when slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas, and it was a grueling journey in which many of the slaves died even though they were the healthiest of their people.
Mercantilism is an economic structure that has to do with commerce wealth. The ideal Mercantilist economy had tight control over the trade of that country, and they were supposed to export more than they imported.
Balance of Power-
The balance of power was the belief that there shouldn't be one country with all the power. The balance of power sought to keep all countries from uniting under one crown, and also tried to maintain the equality of power between countries.
Middle Passage-
The Middle Passage was a part of the transatlantic slave trade. It was the part of the cycle when slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas, and it was a grueling journey in which many of the slaves died even though they were the healthiest of their people.
Friday, December 30, 2016
French Revolution SAQ
- Identify and explain ONE event that occurred in France in 1789 that would support the argument concerning the causes of the French Revolution in the first passage.
One event that occurred in France in 1789 that would support the passage was that the Bourgeoisie overthrew the aristocracy. This supports the passage because the argument that the author makes is that the Bourgeoisie and common people were in close contact, and this was because the Bourgeoisie overthrew the aristocracy thus making the three estates.
- Identify and explain ONE aspect of the French Revolution that would support the argument concerning revolutionary ideas made in the second passage.
One aspect of the French Revolution that would support the second passage was that it happened in 3 stages. These stages changed because of different political events, which supports his idea that these events had to be ordered in a narrative to assume the meaning of the French Revolution.
- Identify and explain ONE assumption that the author of the first passage would make about the causes and importance of the French Revolution that would not be shared by the author of the second passage.
One assumption that the author of the first passage would make that the second author would not agree with would be that the ambitions of the bourgeoisie were the main causes of the French Revolution. The second author would not agree with this because he believed that there were many different causes for the French Revolution that had to be ordered into the narrative, so it did not stem from one cause
Monday, December 12, 2016
Consider Questions
Consider The ways in which Descarte's approach constitutes a break with traditional ways of ascertaining truth; the weaknesses of this approach and how a modern scientist might criticize this method; how this approach reflects Descarte's background as a mathematician
Descarte's approach constitutes a break with traditional ways of ascertaining truth because he believes in examining and finding truth through observation. This is different because tradtitional truth was based on many religious biases and assumptions, and he wants to re-define truth through objective observation. The weakness of this is that there are things in nature that cannot be explained, which leads one to an ultimate creator, that observation cannot find. A modern scientist would probably applaud this because modern science does try to explain our natural universe through things observable, and does not leave room for mysticism. Descarte's background as a mathematician because he is trying to explain the universe by proof and observation like mathematics.
Consider: According to Galileo's view, the kinds of topics or questions that are appropriately scientific and those that are appropriately theological; how Galileo's views compare with those of Descartes; and why Galileo's views are so crucial to the scientific revolution.
The topics or questions that are appropriately scientific are those of sense- experiences, and that of nature. The topics that are appropriately theological are those of the scriptures, and the authority of God and the Bible. Galileo's views do not match up with Descarte's because they leave room for philosophical explanation, unlike Descarte who believes that all knowledge should be based on the physical. Galileo's views are crucial to the scientific revolution because he explained much of the natural universe which set the stage for the scientific revolution.
Consider why Galileo's views were so threatening to the Church; some of the long- range consequences of such a stance by the Church toward these views.
Galileo's views were threatening to the Church because he believed that the earth revolved around the sun, which seems to contradict the holiness of earth because the Church believed everything revolved around the earth.
Consider Why Newton's rules might be particularly useful for the experimental sciences; way these rules differ from those of Descartes.
Newton's rules be useful for experiments because they aim to show the reason behind why something happens which can be done through experimentation.
Descarte's approach constitutes a break with traditional ways of ascertaining truth because he believes in examining and finding truth through observation. This is different because tradtitional truth was based on many religious biases and assumptions, and he wants to re-define truth through objective observation. The weakness of this is that there are things in nature that cannot be explained, which leads one to an ultimate creator, that observation cannot find. A modern scientist would probably applaud this because modern science does try to explain our natural universe through things observable, and does not leave room for mysticism. Descarte's background as a mathematician because he is trying to explain the universe by proof and observation like mathematics.
Consider: According to Galileo's view, the kinds of topics or questions that are appropriately scientific and those that are appropriately theological; how Galileo's views compare with those of Descartes; and why Galileo's views are so crucial to the scientific revolution.
The topics or questions that are appropriately scientific are those of sense- experiences, and that of nature. The topics that are appropriately theological are those of the scriptures, and the authority of God and the Bible. Galileo's views do not match up with Descarte's because they leave room for philosophical explanation, unlike Descarte who believes that all knowledge should be based on the physical. Galileo's views are crucial to the scientific revolution because he explained much of the natural universe which set the stage for the scientific revolution.
Consider why Galileo's views were so threatening to the Church; some of the long- range consequences of such a stance by the Church toward these views.
Galileo's views were threatening to the Church because he believed that the earth revolved around the sun, which seems to contradict the holiness of earth because the Church believed everything revolved around the earth.
Consider Why Newton's rules might be particularly useful for the experimental sciences; way these rules differ from those of Descartes.
Newton's rules be useful for experiments because they aim to show the reason behind why something happens which can be done through experimentation.
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